【China Insight】蒙古首任总统：中国的发展如何影响中蒙的未来？
1991年，在中蒙两国关系中断了30年之后，时任中国国家主席杨尚昆与蒙古总统彭萨勒玛・奥其尔巴特重建外交关系。从那时起，两国合作日益加强，而最新的合作项目中俄蒙经济走廊则使中蒙之间的关系更为亲密。
In 1991, after thirty years of virtually severed relations, former Chinese President Yang Shangkun and his Mongolian counterpart, PresidentPunsalmaagiin Ochirbat, met to reinstate their diplomatic relationship. Since then, the two countries' collaboration has strengthened progressively, with cooperation on the Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor the latest in a series of projects that has aligned the two countries closer.
▲ 蒙古国首任总统彭萨勒玛・奥其尔巴特
Mongolia's first President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat
China Focus采访了蒙古国首任总统奥其尔巴特，听他畅谈中蒙两国关系如何发展，中国的快速发展如何影响蒙古国，以及为什么增进双边关系的承诺将进一步造福两国等问题。
In a wide-ranging interview, China Focus interviewed Mongolia's first President to find out how China and Mongolia's relationship is growing, how China's rapid development has had beneficial knock-on effects in Mongolia and why future ties promise to bring further benefits to both countries.
蒙古国首任总统奥其尔巴特对30多年前来到中国的经历仍然记忆犹新。他回忆道：“1980年，我由中国内地前往香港，那时候的北京看起来非常贫穷，人们的生活，街道，自行车，客车厢等等都很落后。”在接受China Focus专访时，他说这次来到中国，对北京的印象发生了很大的转变。他调侃道：“我似乎有些摸不着北了，我唯一能找到的地方恐怕就是蒙古大使馆。北京发生了翻天覆地的变化，可见这些年来中国的变革和发展。”
Ochirbat still remembers the first time he visited Beijing more than 30 years ago. “In 1980, I went to Hong Kong through the Chinese mainland,” he said. “ At that time, Beijing seemed very poor and underprivileged: the life, the streets, the bicycles, the carriages and such.” He futher told China Focus that his impressions of Beijing have changed tremendously. “Now I don't know where anything is in Beijing. I only know where the Mongolian Embassy is,” he said humorously. “Everything else is so unrecognizable to me. That's how much China has reformed and developed.”
▲ 2016年7月14日，李克强总理与蒙古国总理额尔登巴特在乌兰巴托国家宫共同出席两国合作协议签字仪式。（图片/中国政府网）
On July 14, 2016, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Mongolian Prime Minister Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat attended the signing ceremony of the cooperation agreement between the two countries at the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar. (Photo/gov.cn)
在奥其尔巴特的总统任期内，他选择了中国作为第一次正式出访国。他与中国时任总理李鹏共同签署了联合公报，并就今后两国关系以及如何进一步发展互利合作进行了讨论。“我相信，由于那次正式访问，这一切的开始已经成为现实。”他如此描述当时的出访对于中蒙两国的意义：“蒙古开始发展，中国则迅猛发展。”除了中蒙两国的交往历史外，奥其尔巴特还分享了他对于中国的发展和“一带一路”倡议的想法。
During his presidency, Ochirbat chose China for his first official visit. He and Li Peng, who was then the Chinese Premier, signed a joint communique and held meetings and discussions on the future relationship between the two countries, exploring how to further develop mutually beneficial cooperation. “This all became a reality because of that official visit, I believe,” Ochirbat recalls. “One country had begun to develop, while the other had developed rapidly.” This is how he described the meaning of his visit. In addition to the history of Chinese and Mongolian relations, he also shared his opinion on China's development and the Belt and Road Initiative.
他说：“总体来讲，我们对中国的发展感到骄傲。因为中国发展得越好，对蒙古发展的贡献就越大。这就是为什么我们要有更大的视野格局，而不是仅仅考虑一国的利益。我们需要很多国家加入‘一带一路’倡议，并且团结协作。因为很重要的一点是要让大家共同受益。我们认为促进与中国的互惠合作具有十分重要的意义。”
“In general, we are proud of China's development. The more China develops, the more it will contribute to Mongolia's development. That's why we have a much bigger purpose than just the interest of one country. We need many countries to come together and join forces so that collectively, we can all benefit. We place a great deal of importance on promoting mutually beneficial cooperation with China,” he says.
“对中国来说，这一重大倡议令其获益匪浅，而中国的邻国也受益颇多，这其中就包括蒙古国。‘一带一路’倡议下的第六经济走廊连接了中蒙俄三个国家。这就如同构建了一个由三国组成的庞大网络，而这个网络提供了很多机会，使得工业和文化繁荣发展，在很多方面上来说都是这样的。”
"For China, this big initiative is very beneficial, and it is also for China's neighbours, including Mongolia. The Sixth Economic Corridor under the Belt and Road Initiative is the corridor connecting three countries: China, Mongolia and Russia. It may seem like a way to create a large network of three countries. But in fact, through this network, there will be many opportunities for industries and cultures to blossom in a wide range of ways."
▲ 2018年4月11日，中国—蒙古国商务论坛在京举行，旨在搭建中蒙企业沟通桥梁，扩展中蒙两国经贸合作。
China-Mongolia Business Forum was held in Beijing on April 11, 2018, aiming to build a bridge between Chinese and Mongolian enterprises and expand economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
“例如，发电厂和新工厂都将在沿线建造，这与当地工厂协同发展会产生更强大的经济效益。习近平主席提到过很多关于蒙古的大项目，比如塔本陶勒盖的煤矿项目以及以奥尤陶勒盖的铜金业为基础而建设的铜冶炼厂。”
"For example, power plants will be built along this route, brand new factories will also be built and existing factories will become more efficient. President Xi Jinping said there are many big projects regarding Mongolia, such as the Tavan Tolgoi's coal deposit project and the building of a copper smelting plant, based on the Oyu tolgoi copper-gold industry."
▲ 2017年5月12日，中国国家主席习近平在人民大会堂会见来华出席“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的蒙古国总理额尔登巴特。（图片/中新社)
On May 12, 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Mongolian Prime Minister Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat at the great hall of the people, who was here for the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. (Photo/China News Service)
“许多铁路、公路和高压电源传输线的建成基本上都得益于这三个国家的共同发展。该倡议不仅涉及一个或几个国家。所以，‘一带一路’倡议作为根本的指导方针为全球发展提供了基础，也为全球发展模式提供了借鉴。”
"Many railways, roads and high-voltage power transmission lines are the basis for the development of these three countries. So, I understand that the Belt and Road Initiative is the fundamental basis for global development of supply. The initiative is a fundamental basis for worldwide development."
奥其尔巴特曾听说过这么一句话：“如果你想了解世界的发展，那就看看中国吧；如果你想了解中国的发展，那就看看广东吧；如果你想了解广东的发展，那就看看深圳吧……”他表示，现在回想一下曾经去过的这些地方，新技术和领先的设计早已遍及全中国，产品从质量到外观都令人满意。
I heard someone say that if you want to see the world's development, look at China. If you want to see China's development, look at Guangdong. If you want to see the development of Guangdong, look at Shenzhen. Now that I think about it, I have been to these places. New technology and leading designs have been taken up all over China, creating a quality and an aesthetic that is very pleasing.
“我听说如今中国建一条5000公里的高速公路，仅用13个月就可以完成。效率之高令人惊叹不已。所以我想，也许可以以这样的速度建一条从中国途径蒙古到达俄罗斯的高质量铁路，相信以中国速度很快就能够建成。这将起到非常大的作用，也可以加快第六经济走廊计划的进程。”
What I've heard from there is that China built a 5,000 km highway in just 13 months. This is amazingly fast work. So, I thought to myself, they could build a high-quality railway through Mongolia, from China to Russia, in just as quick a time. It would be a wonderful contribution and it would speed up the process of the Sixth Economic Corridor plan.
撰文 / China Focus团队
图片 / 网络
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